Calcium Lignosulfonate Can Mitigate the Impact of Salt Stress on Growth, Physiological, and Yield Characteristics of Two Barley Cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.)

The current study was conducted in a pot experiment with sand bed soil for two winter seasons (2019/20, 2020/21) to illuminate the impact of calcium lignosulfonate (Ca-LIGN) (100 mg/L) alleviating various levels NaCl (0, 100, 200, and 300 mM) on barley cultivars, Giza132 Giza133. Giza133 outgrew under salinity stress by accumulating less Na+ content retaining more K+ content. Surprisingly, Ca-LIGN shown be involved both cultivars’ capacity efflux return greater influx 100 200 mM NaCl, resulting an increased dry weight shoots roots as well leaf area compared untreated levels. Physiological parameters were measured relative water (RWC), electrolyte leakage rate (ELR), peroxidase activity (POD) root grain yield, protein evaluated. Adding ameliorated growth all recorded characteristics. Under stress, induced higher RWC cultivars those without Ca-LIGN. Although ELR significantly leaves different concentrations leaves, applying reduced deterioration their lowering ELR. As result, salinity-affected plants (Giza133 Giza132) NaCl), respectively, inhibited POD about (10-fold, 6-fold, 3-fold, 5-fold). yield effective than Giza132, (61.46, 35.04, 29.21% 46.02, 24.16, 21.96%) at Moreover, while similar normal conditions, adding accumulation raising concentration until it reached 3% 2% increases NaCl. It can concluded that help alleviate ionic excluding harmful ions,